More Theoretical Elements Which Rattle Around in Outdoor Education's Black Box

More Theoretical Elements Which Rattle Around in Outdoor Education's Black Box...

This is a list of some more theoretical models or elements which have been proposed as related to outdoor education:

PSYCHOLOGICAL

• Attitude and behavior mix (Ewert, 1989)

• Attribution theory (Ewert, 1989)

• Behavioral theory (Priest & Gass, 1997, p. 15)

• Causal model (Ewert, 1989)

• Cognitive theory (Priest & Gass, 1997, p. 15)

• Competence-effectance (Ewert, 1989)

• Expectancy theory (Ewert, 1989)

• Goals (Priest & Gass, 1997, p. 20; Walsh & Golins, 1976)

• Information assimilation (Priest & Gass, 1997, p. 15)

• Risk vs. consequence

• Self-efficacy (Ewert, 1989)

• Stress/Arousal (Ewert, 1989)

FACILITATION / GROUP

• Challenge contracts

  • "To serve to strive and not to yield" (Outward Bound motto)

  • Challenge by Choice (Schoel, Prouty, & Radcliffe)

  • Full value contract (Schoel, Prouty, & Radcliffe)

• Facilitation (Gass)

• Debriefing and reviewing (Greenaway)

• Leader, instructor, facilitator (Priest & Gass, 1997, p. 21; Walsh & Golins, 1976)

• Social support (Neill & Dias, 2001)

EXPERIENTIAL

• Experiential (Priest & Gass, 1997, p. 15)

• Learner (Priest & Gass, 1997, p. 20; Walsh & Golins, 1976)

• Tasks/Activities (Hattie, et al, 1997; Priest & Gass, 1997, p. 21; Walsh & Golins, 1976)

• Dramaturgy (Martin, A)